The year before, Nyren’s lab had also spun off a company, Pyrosequencing AB, to refine and commercialize the technology. Pyrosequencing was not the firm that would bring the technology to market, however; that distinction went to Connecticut-based 454 Life Sciences, who licensed whole-genome pyrosequencing applications in 2003. 454 made chips which enabled highly efficient, parallelized sequencing reactions and released the GS20 sequencer in 2005 for the price of $500,000. The GS20 worked by attaching each individual DNA template molecule to a bead and copying it many times using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Each bead was then loaded into a well in a microplate, where sequencing reactions would be carried out. The light from luciferase activation could be detected through the bottom of the wells, enabling sequences to be read.
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(Culturally, Zyn has a certain cachet among right-of-center figures such as Joe Rogan and Jake Paul, with Max Read coining the phrase “Zynternet” to describe the online aesthetic of pretty much anything Joe Rogan–tinted. Palantir, cofounded by Peter Thiel and notable as a unique firm that offers consulting, defense contracting, and artificial intelligence, is arguably a Zynternet poster child, but it’s unclear if these Zyn vending machines are intentionally aligned with that specific culture.)